Blockchain fundamentals
Validity-proof rollups
Validity rollups submit cryptographic proofs for defined transitions.
Research · History · Reference
All entries A–Z · 15 / 15
438 · Articles and references
Image & sources
Editorial selection from separate research topics.
Market structure
Vesting side letters
Private agreements can accelerate or loosen public token schedules.
Crypto history
Voyager Digital collapse
Voyager suspended activity and entered bankruptcy in 2022 after lending and counterparty exposures became uncollectable.
Research methods
Wallet attribution: an address is not a person
Transfers can be observable while ownership and intent remain uncertain.
Research methods
Wallet clusters: confidence is not ownership
Shared timing and funding can support a lead without proving a shared operator.
Scam patterns
Wallet drainer services
Commercial kits give affiliates phishing pages and share stolen proceeds.
Scam patterns
Wallet-app impersonation
A counterfeit app copies the branding and interface of a known wallet.
Scam patterns
Wallet-connect session abuse
A connection creates a persistent channel between a wallet and a hostile application.
Market structure
Wash trading and the appearance of demand
Volume needs counterparties, ownership context and a method before it becomes evidence of manipulation.
Wallets & security
What an audit or scanner actually covers
Scope, version, exclusions and unresolved findings are the useful parts of the report.
Control & evidence · Research method
What the dashboard counts: addresses, transactions, volume and people
A chain can be busy without every transaction representing a new person, a successful trade or an economic gain.
MASTR research
When a prediction-market win is staged
MASTR's analysis of promotional content that makes fabricated success look like an ordinary user's experience.
Scam patterns
Withdrawal-fee escalation
A platform demands tax, insurance, gas or verification money before release.
Crypto history
Wormhole message-verification failure
In February 2022 an attacker bypassed Wormhole verification and minted unbacked wrapped ETH on Solana.
Chains & networks
XRP Ledger: validators, XRP and issued assets
A trusted validator list is a consensus input, not a list of asset guarantees.
DeFi & governance
Yield: identify who pays it
Borrower interest, trading fees, subsidies and new deposits are different sources of return.