Blockchain fundamentals
Replace-by-fee: an unconfirmed payment is not final settlement
Mempool replacement policy and blockchain consensus are different things.
Research · History · Reference
All entries A–Z · 12 / 15
438 · Articles and references
Research methods
Reserve assets and liabilities: the missing half of a solvency claim
Showing controlled assets cannot establish which customers and creditors have competing claims on them.
Infrastructure & ownership · 2020 onward
Rollups: execution is only one part of the security model
Separate transaction ordering, state verification, data availability and the user’s ability to exit.
Crypto history
Ronin validator compromise
The 2022 Ronin theft followed compromise of enough validator keys to authorise bridge withdrawals.
Crypto history
Ronin: bridge theft and attribution
A documented attribution should identify the authority making it and the incident it covers.
Crypto history
RPOW: reusable tokens and the hardware trust boundary
Hal Finney’s 2004 experiment made proof-of-work tokens reusable through an attested server, with a different trust model from Bitcoin.
Scam patterns
Rug pulls: identify which control caused the loss
Liquidity removal, insider selling and abusive contract permissions are different mechanisms.
Crypto history
SafeMoon: the liquidity claim, conviction and 2026 sentence
The legal record concerns access to supposedly locked liquidity and diversion of investor assets.
Market structure
SAFT discounts and public-market asymmetry
Private token agreements grant prices and information unavailable to public buyers.
Web fundamentals
Same-origin policy: the browser's boundary between sites
Scheme, host and port determine which documents share an origin.
Bitcoin: recovery and Lightning
Schnorr and MuSig2: several signers, one Bitcoin signature
Compact signatures change what is visible on-chain, not the need for a sound custody policy.
Scam patterns
Search-ad poisoning
A paid search result places a clone above the real exchange or protocol.
MASTR research
SecondFi: wallet reputation and incident communication
The archived analysis and today's official guidance answer different questions.
Scam patterns
Seed-phrase harvesting
A website, chat or fake recovery tool asks for the words that derive every wallet key.
Wallets & security
Selective blacklists
An administrator blocks chosen holders while related wallets exit.
Market structure
Self-trade volume
Accounts under shared control create prints without changing economic ownership.
Web fundamentals
Service workers: why a web app can show yesterday’s interface
The page, its cache and its network data can be on different versions. A successful deployment does not update every open tab immediately.
Web fundamentals
Session theft: account access without another password prompt
An authenticated session can become a separate credential worth protecting and revoking.
Wallets & security
Sign-In with Ethereum: what a login signature actually opens
Read the domain, the challenge and the session before treating a signature as a harmless login.
Wallets & security
Signed permits: a message can authorise spending
Paying no gas does not make a signature harmless.
KOLs & promotion
Similar balances do not prove coordinated entry
Tables sorted by current holdings can create a misleading visual pattern.
Market structure
Slippage, price impact and the price you actually receive
A displayed quote is not a completed trade.