Control & evidence · ERC-4337 and EIP-7702
Smart accounts: recovery, delegation and the new control map
Programmable accounts can improve recovery and permissions, but the account’s validation rules become part of what the user must understand.
Research · History · Reference
All entries A–Z · 13 / 15
438 · Articles and references
Wallets & security
Smart-account validation
A smart account uses programmable authorisation rather than one external key.
Blockchain fundamentals
Solana account ownership
Solana programmes operate on accounts supplied to instructions.
Solana: from quote to settlement
Solana address lookup tables: compressed references, full responsibilities
A shorter transaction encoding does not mean the loaded accounts matter less.
Chains & networks
Solana CPI: follow permissions into the called program
One instruction can call another program using accounts and privileges from the original request.
Chains & networks
Solana PDAs: an address can be controlled without a private key
Program-derived addresses use deterministic derivation and runtime-checked signing authority.
Solana: from quote to settlement
Solana priority fees: the compute limit is part of the price
Separate the base network fee, prioritisation, Jito tips and application charges.
Solana: from quote to settlement
Solana transaction expiry: submitted is not confirmed
A recent blockhash limits validity; a timeout alone does not establish the final outcome.
Chains & networks
Solana: wallets, token accounts and authority
Why an account owner, a token owner and a human owner are not interchangeable labels.
Market structure
Spoofing and layering
Orders intended for cancellation make an order book appear deeper or more directional.
Market structure
Stablecoin reserve models
Stablecoins use bank reserves, crypto collateral, algorithms or combinations.
DeFi & governance
Stablecoins: the peg and the claim behind it
Reserve assets, redemption rights and transfer controls can matter more than the current price.
Markets & incentives · 2014 onward
Stablecoins: the token, the reserves and the redemption queue
A price target is not a complete description of the claim. Follow the route from token holder to the assets that are meant to support redemption.
Markets & incentives · 2020 onward
Staking receipts and restaking: one asset, several dependencies
A tradable receipt improves flexibility, but it does not remove validator, withdrawal, smart-contract or collateral risk.
Chains & networks
Sui: objects and ownership
An object model changes how state is represented, not whether every app is trustworthy.
KOLs & promotion
Survivorship bias in calls, rankings and research
A sample containing only visible winners cannot measure the odds faced by a new participant.
KOLs & promotion
Survivorship in call channels
Deleted losses and repeated winners create a fabricated hit rate.
Scam patterns
Task and optimisation scams
A site pays small sums for clicks, ratings or supposed optimisation work.
Scam patterns
Telegram admin impersonation
A private message claims to be support or a project administrator.
Crypto history
Terra and UST: the peg, the collapse and the fraud cases
The redemption mechanism explains the feedback loop; the court records explain the misleading claims surrounding it.
Markets & incentives · 2014–2024
The credit layer: why visible reserves are not a complete balance sheet
Exchange collapses and lending failures are easier to understand when assets, liabilities, control and withdrawal rights are kept separate.
Crypto history
The DAO exploit and Ethereum fork
The DAO incident led to a contentious Ethereum state intervention and a continuing original chain.
Crypto history
The DAO: code, governance and the 2016 split
The application incident and the community's response became separate parts of Ethereum history.
Crypto history
The ICO era: selling access to a future product
Fundraising, token rights and paid distribution became tightly connected.
Markets & incentives · 2024–2026
The launch economy: bots, bundles and the meaning of a holder count
The research literature and MASTR’s archive help separate activity, execution advantage, revenue and evidence of coordinated ownership.
MASTR research
The MiCA migration scam
A real regulatory transition gave impersonators a convincing reason to ask people to move their assets.
Origins & history · 2015–2021
The scaling debate: block space, verification and the right to exit
SegWit and payment channels show why scaling is a choice about resources and trust, not just a larger transactions-per-second number.
Control & evidence · Wallet security
The signing boundary: a valid signature can authorise the wrong thing
The chain can execute a maliciously requested action perfectly. Read the authority being granted, not just the button label.
Crypto history
Three Arrows Capital collapse
Three Arrows Capital failed in 2022 after leveraged positions and falling collateral left claims it could not meet.